How did the Turkish legal system evolve?

The Republic of Turkey was established in 1923. In spite of her strong Ottoman heritage, Turkey's legal system is not based on the Islamic laws that prevailed during the Ottoman years. The Mecelle, which was a collection of the Islamic laws in force between 1876 and 1925 has been succeeded by a set of new laws based on the Roman law. 
The founder of the Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, introduced a number of reforms to change Turkey from a nation dominated by a strong Ottoman and Islamic influence to a modern society with its distinctive place among other nations in the twentieth century. Perhaps the most important of the Atatürk reforms was in the field of law. Atatürk imposed radical changes in legislation by adopting the laws of the various European nations in the Turkish legal system. 
In 1926, The Swiss Civil Code and the Swiss Code of Obligations were adopted with some minor alterations. The Turkish Civil Code and the Turkish Code of Obligations are based on the law of the Swiss Canton Neuchatel. They include the law of persons, family law, property law, contracts, torts, and unjust enrichment. Consequently, Switzerland had a great impact on the change of social life in Turkey and the Turkish society. 
Similarly, the 1929 Turkish Code of Enforcement and Bankruptcy was based on the Swiss Federal Code of 1889. In 1965 the Code of Enforcement and Bankruptcy was replaced by a new law that was prepared specifically for Turkey; taking into account the characteristics and the requirements of local business, economy and commerce. 
The 1926 Panel Code is based on the Italian Panel Code of 1889. It is still in force, although it has been amended several times to take into account local characteristics. In contrast, the Rules of Criminal Procedure are based on the corresponding German law. 
Administrative law was influenced by the French administrative law. Its development commenced in 1839 and continued through the early years of the Turkish Republic. Unlike the Civil Code, the Code of Obligations and the Penal Code, the Turkish Administrative Code was not adopted from the laws of a particular country. It is a sui generis system that was influenced primarily by the French law. 
A similar approach was taken in the preparation of the Commercial Code. This code was influenced in part by the 1897 German law. However, in spite of the similarities, it is unique and not an adaptation.